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Home Barista – Basics

Where coffee comes from and its quality are very important. These aspects can be vital in creating a more sustainable economy around coffee. But they are also a great way to enjoy better-tasting coffee!

It is not enough to simply buy good coffee. You also need to prepare it properly to enjoy all its qualities. That’s why we will share some basic tips and concepts to help you make better coffee at home.

What will I need?

Basically, to prepare a cup of coffee, we need:

  • Coffee
  • Water
  • A brewing method
  • A recipe
  • Ground coffee

Coffee

The quality of coffee begins at its origin. Always buy freshly roasted coffee and, if possible, whole beans to preserve their aromas for longer.

Traceability, transparency and quality are the elements that define our specialty coffees.

Through the roasting process, the roaster skilfully highlights the flavour attributes of specialty coffee.

Roasting profiles can differ depending on whether the coffee is intended for espresso or filter brewing. It is therefore important to choose coffee according to your preferred brewing method to achieve the tastiest cup.

Using an espresso roast for filter coffee might produce a more roasted flavour with a touch of bitterness, while using a lighter filter roast for espresso might result in a more pronounced acidity.

Water

Water represents approximately 90–95% of an espresso and around 98% of filter coffee.

Water should be free from chlorine and unpleasant flavours, with a balanced mineral composition. Water hardness and alkalinity influence extraction and the final taste of the coffee.

You can use a suitable water filter at home to improve water quality.

Water with very low mineral content may result in an unbalanced extraction, while excessively hard water can affect flavour and cause scale buildup in your equipment.

Method

Coffee is a personal pleasure, and there is no discussion about that.

Each brewing method produces different results in the cup, allowing us to discover our favourite way to enjoy coffee.

  • If you prefer a cup with more body and intensity, you can choose methods such as Moka, AeroPress or an immersion method such as the French press.
  • If you prefer an aromatically intense and concentrated drink, espresso is an excellent choice.
  • If you prefer a clean, medium-bodied cup with high sweetness, a filter method such as V60, Chemex or Kalita may be the best option.

For some methods, you will need a filter. There are three main types, each with different properties:

  • Paper: Retains more oils and fine particles, resulting in a cleaner cup with a lighter body.
  • Metal: Allows more oils and fine particles to pass through, producing a fuller-bodied cup with more texture.
  • Cloth: Depending on the fabric, it allows some oils and fine particles through, resulting in a cup with a medium body and slight cloudiness.

Recipe

You need the right recipe for each coffee you prepare to achieve a balanced extraction and truly enjoy your coffee.

The ratio is the relationship between the amount of coffee and water used. It helps determine the strength of the beverage and whether the coffee tastes too watery or too concentrated.

For example, a common starting ratio for filter coffee is 1:16 (one gram of coffee for every 16 grams of water).

Ratios below 1:15 generally produce a stronger brew, while ratios above 1:20 produce a lighter one.

We will discuss this in more detail in our next journal entries, with recipes for each brewing method.

Ground coffee

Grinding breaks down coffee beans to increase the surface area in contact with water, allowing their soluble compounds and aromas to be extracted.

It is important to buy freshly roasted coffee and, whenever possible, whole beans.

If you want to enjoy a great cup of coffee, investing in a good grinder is worth considering.

Each brewing method requires a suitable grind size, but generally:

  • Finer grinding increases the surface area exposed to water and can lead to greater extraction.
  • Coarser grinding reduces the exposed surface area and generally produces a lower extraction under the same brewing conditions.

Grind size can also influence brewing time, particularly in filter methods.

The bottom line is that a better-quality grinder produces more uniform coffee particles, helping you achieve a more consistent extraction.

Temperature

A common starting temperature range for brewing specialty coffee is 90–96 °C, although the ideal temperature depends on the coffee and brewing method.

Temperature is an important variable in coffee extraction. Higher temperatures generally increase extraction, while lower temperatures reduce it.

If the temperature is too high for a particular coffee and recipe, the result may be excessively bitter. If it is too low, the coffee may taste sour or lack aromatic complexity.

Some methods, such as AeroPress, also allow excellent results at temperatures below 90 °C.

Stay tuned for more recipes for each brewing method!

Pouring freshly brewed coffee into a glass